A laboratory reports the actual result for each primary DOT specimen, together with the specimen type. Under 49 CFR 40.97(a) and (b), each result falls into one of three categories, and the laboratory reports the actual result rather than the category.
Under 40.97(c), the laboratory reports results directly, and only, to the Medical Review Officer (MRO) at the MRO's place of business, and not to or through the Designated Employer Representative (DER) or a service agent such as a C/TPA. Negative results are sent as a copy of Copy 1 of the CCF signed by the certifying scientist, or as an electronic results report released only after the certifying scientist's review. Non-negative and Rejected for Testing results are always sent as a copy of the signed Copy 1, and an electronic report may be added.
Under 40.97(d), the laboratory and the MRO protect the information from unauthorized access or release during transmission and in storage. Under 40.97(e), results are sent in a timely manner, preferably the same day the certifying scientist completes the review. Who receives results after the MRO is covered in Who Can Receive an Employee's DOT Drug Test Results?. The MRO's independence from the laboratory is covered in Can an MRO Have a Financial Relationship with a Drug Testing Laboratory?.
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